Originally posted by smallsmall at 2008-10-24 12:15 AM
The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attacks. (1997年11月GRE)
【原译】是失败群体的屈服，而不是胜利群体发动的无节制侵犯，减轻进一步攻击的强度和次数。(1998，《GRE阅读理解高分突破》，宇航出版社)

Originally posted by smallsmall at 2008-10-24 12:15
The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the
victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attacks. (1997年11月GRE) ...
【原译】是失败群体的屈服，而不是胜利群体发动的无节制侵犯，减轻进一步攻击的强度和次数。(1998，《GRE阅读理解高分突破》，宇航出版社)
   【分析】注意对比是(rather than) unleashing…, reduces…，即unleashing同reduces对比，不是The submission …, (rather than) unleashing…。
   【改译】那斗败群体的屈服非但没有引发获胜群体大肆进攻，反而使进一步攻击的强度与频率都降了下来。

Originally posted by smallsmall at 2008-10-25 22:54
These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. (97/11 GRE)
【原译】对这些入侵者的研究暗示，被第一次彼此介绍的同一物种的成年成员都表现出明显的敌意，因为在缺少社会秩序的状态下，它必须确立自己的地位来控制动物之间的关系。（1999, 新东方学校出国考试丛书《GRE阅读剖析及全真题解读》，世界知识出版社）
【原译】…一只猴子必须确立自己的地位。（1999, 思马得英语系列丛书/GRE卷 《GRE阅读全真题详解》）
【分析】该句的one 指代a social order，即a social order must be established。Establish a social order是很常见很普通的搭配。新东方的译文“它必须确立自己的地位”以及思马得的译文“一只猴子必须确立自己的地位”都把one看作指代monkey了。顺便指出，这篇GRE文章的第 21题就恰恰需要对这句句子的正确理解：
题：It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkey is essential in order to                  
答案(B) control aggressive behavior among group members. 注意：原文的interanimal的inter- =among。
而新东方认为B的“among是错误的”，而选择了错误的答案(D) protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack.
【改译】对入侵者的这些研究表明，同种的成年猴子首次相遇时会显示出相当大的敌意，因为在社会秩序缺失的情况下，必须建立社会秩序以控制动物之间的关系。

Originally posted by lasthermit at 2008-11-8 02:10 AM

　　原译没错，尽管翻译有点别扭。原文可改写为：

It is the submission of the defeated group, not the unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, that reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attacks.

Originally posted by lasthermit at 2008-11-8 02:35 AM

这里的“one”不可能指代“social order”，因为“in the absence of a social order”只是一个插入语，没有它句子也完整。而这里的“established”意思是“有地位的”，刚出江湖，谁愿意让你做老大？动物和人都一样，都不愿意让后辈来领导前辈。

Originally posted by jl2315 at 2008-11-8 23:20

Originally posted by lasthermit at 2008-11-8 02:10 AM

　　原译没错，尽管翻译有点别扭。原文可改写为：

It is the submission of the defeated group, not the unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, that reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attacks.
这个改写改错了。楼主的理解是对的。句子的主干是 “The submission of the defeated group reduces【reduced 之误?】both the intensity and frequency of further attacks.” 而“rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group” 则是插入语。

如果要改写，应该是这样：

The submission of the defeated group did not unleash unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group.  It【= the submission】reduced both the intensity and frequency of further attacks.

补充一点：假定是想表达那另一种意思【其实那个理解是自相矛盾的】，上面的改写就漏了一个字，也是原文中没有的：

It is the submission of the defeated group, not the unleashing OF unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, that reduced both the intensity and frequency of further attacks.

Originally posted by jl2315 at 2008-11-8 23:33

QUOTE:
Originally posted by lasthermit at 2008-11-8 02:35 AM

这里的“one”不可能指代“social order”，因为“in the absence of a social order”只是一个插入语，没有它句子也完整。而这里的“established”意思是“有地位的”，刚出江湖，谁愿意让你做老大？动物和人都一样，都不愿意让后辈来领导前辈。
非也。如果把“in the absence of a social order”抽出来，句子就要改写成“because a social order must be established to control interanimal relationships”, 因为 one 的指代对象不明。

“one must be established”在本句子中不能理解为“（某一只猴子）必须建立起（它的江湖地位）”。如果想表达这个意思，或许可以这样说：“because one (of the monkeys) must establish its dominance ......”