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Subject: (ZT) 英语借走的十个中国原创词语:"纸老虎"被原样拿走
 
rovi297
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(ZT) 英语借走的十个中国原创词语:"纸老虎"被原样拿走

英语借走的十个中国原创词语:"纸老虎"被原样拿走

倍可亲(backchina.com)

      英语,代表西方的强势文化。作为世界性的大语种,它成了现代与文明的标志。有人跟风叫嚷:只要具备两条就是“现代文盲”,一,不懂英语;二,不会电脑。其实,文化所涉及的领域形形色色,是否可以这样说,不会写毛笔字、不会算卦,就等于“国学文盲”?凭人怎么说吧,现代中国为了追求“和世界接轨”,几乎把英、法、俄、德、日、意、西班牙和阿拉伯语,当成了通向世界、通向文明的惟一桥梁。母语--中国话可以弄得一塌糊涂,甚至不如日本人写得漂亮,讲得流利;英语,却必须要捱过大学六级、托福考试。这据典型的崇洋媚外做法,似乎该回头了。随着中国国力的增强,汉语也逐渐变成了外国人的香饽饽儿。仔细一看才发现,许多英语词汇其实就源于汉语,欧洲人做过精细的统计,自1994年以来加入国际英语行列的词汇中,中式英语贡献了5%到20%,超过任何其他来源。

   英语属于印欧语系(Indo-European languages),包含着印度、西亚和欧洲的语言。目前使用的英语单词中,有不少是从非印欧语系“拿来”的,这在狭义上,就是英语中的外来语。这些白皮黄心的“鸡蛋词”,无须向“英语世界”做额外解释,就能顺利地理解、沟通。脱胎于汉语的“鸡蛋词”,早就默默地影响全世界了。除“孔夫子(Confucious)”、“中国功夫(kung fu)”、“麻将(mahjong)”或者“豆腐(tofu)”之类绝无仅有的称谓,再挑拣10个真正有中国气质、代表华夏气派、并影响全球当代生活的“鸡蛋词”,便足以说明问题。

  (一)丝绸--silk

  中国是养蚕大国,丝绸的故乡。瓷器和丝绸始终是古代中国对外贸易的绝密技术和看家商品,直到鸦片战争前,英国进口到广州的钢琴,还干不过珠光宝气的丝绸。“silk”的发音,显然是汉语的音译,这个词代表了中国高超的工艺技术和贸易强势。即便现在,丝绸仍在现代生活中充当雍容华丽、典雅高贵的象征。

  



  (二)茶--tea

       这个词,又是英国人从拗口的闽南话里偷走的。茶,和丝绸、瓷器比肩,堪称古代中国对外贸易的拳头产品。目前,品茶代表了一种生活方式和文化品位,中国人对人生的思考,几乎都能在袅袅茶烟里找到。据萧乾的《茶在英国》介绍:“茶叶似乎是17世纪初由葡萄牙人最早引到欧洲的……英国的茶叶起初是东印度公司从厦门引进的,17世纪40年代,英人在印度殖民地开始试种茶叶,那时,可能就养成了在茶中加糖的习惯。”据说,即使在“二战”那样物资困乏的时期,法国人定量配给咖啡,英国人则要的是茶,还有一点点糖。茶成了欧洲人的“主心骨”,他们只能跟着茶香如醉如痴地行走,这不是本土的历史与遗传;而是异域文化的征服和同化。18世纪的柴斯特顿勋爵干脆在《训子家书》里写道:“尽管茶来自东方,它毕竟是绅士气味的;而可可则是个痞子、懦夫,一头粗野的猛兽。”

  (三)世外桃源--Shangrila(Xanadu)

  这是两个近意词。都有“世外桃源”的意思。“Shangrila”出自西藏的传说之地--香格里拉,“Xanadu”则是蒙古的元上都。如果要表达“世外桃源”,通常采用“Xanadu”这个词。看来,以出世自居的美国作家梭罗,白白地在瓦尔登湖旁边,做了那么久的“隐士”。讲究“寄情山水、超然物外”的哲学,中国人是当之无愧的开山鼻祖。

  (四)风水--Feng Shui

  风水,还是音译。它凝聚了古代中国在活人住宅和死人墓地方面的集体智慧。尽管有人打着所谓“科学”的旗号,指斥风水是封建迷信;但是,迷信所谓“科学”,故步自封,则是另外一种迷信。风水的整体原则是“趋利避害”,这也是安全生存最起码的信条。近年来,风水在美国红极一时,从中国人唇齿之间发出的音节,已经成为当代人急需探究的学问。

  (五)茶点--dim sum

  一听发音,就知道,这个略带小资情调的词儿,来自闽粤。英国人有喝下午茶的习惯,几杯印度红茶,常就一碟甜点。英语原本有表示蛋糕、点心的词,偏偏不用,硬要拽一个来自汉语的生僻字。恐怕多少也有与时尚接轨、和东方同步的优越感吧。中国是茶的故乡,茶点也摇身一变,成为登堂入室的英语外来词。

  (六)走狗--running dogs

  中国式英语贴切地表达了一种见利忘义、供人驱使的“下三烂”。无从考证,最先运用这个词的是中国人,还是英国人;重要的是,英语世界接纳了“走狗”,并以汉语的思维抚育这个“外来词”。接纳词汇的同时,无形中也接受了中国人的价值观。

  (七)纸老虎--paper tiger

  这是最令人难忘和扬眉吐气的一个新词。缔造者应该是伟大的民族英雄--毛泽东!他老人家是博学的诗人、雄才大略的政治家、运筹帷幄的军事天才。美国人硬不硬?苏联人牛不牛?原子弹厉害不厉害?……在他眼里,都是色厉内荏的“纸老虎”。只要跟中国人作对,老子就得碰碰硬,看天下“谁主沉浮”。上世纪50年代的“美帝国主义”、六七十年代的“苏修”,都变成了毛泽东嘲笑的“纸老虎”。这种蔑视强敌、自强不息的精神,当然是中国人对世界文明的贡献。谈笑风声缔造了一个词,足令中国的敌手躲在角落里发抖了。

  (八)大款、巨亨--tycoon

  这种称呼是近些年才流行街巷的,指有钱有势的商人或者企业家,中国传统的叫法是“大掌柜”。被英语拿走,又是闽粤之地的音译。可见,鸦片战争前,中国商人名声在外,马可·波罗在书里描写的东方,物阜民丰,黄金铺地。来中国走一遭,就像现在某些“假洋鬼子”上趟拉斯维加斯一样。

  (九)赌场--Casino

  这个词,似乎是地道的西方舶来品,发音酷似法语或者意大利文。殊不知,“Casino”竟是福建话的音译,可是,为什么英语要拿它表示“赌场”的意思呢?据传,很久以前,移民到美国的福建民工,拿到一点微薄的工资,便在无聊之际,聚众赌博,试试运气。每次开局,都会嚷嚷:“开始了!开始了!”想不到,阴差阳错地搭给英语一个现代词汇。

  (十)小费,赏钱--Cumshaw

  这个词是闽南话“感谢”的音译。为了给人一点酬劳,在钞票上意思意思。英语世界也像喜欢“money”一样,渴望“Cumshaw”这个油水丰厚的单词。尽管中国人没有给小费的习惯,但是,对于钱,却并非一毛不拔,甚至比西方人出手还大方。偷走“Cumshaw”这个“鸡蛋字”的欧洲人,一定见过,中国人曾如何挥金似土。其实,东西方对待金钱并没有本质的不同。
2008-8-1 07:01 AM#1
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bombershow
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Agreed!!!!!!

Just like many years ago,Chinese got some words from english people.
By the way,I'm chinese!
2008-8-3 03:21 PM#2
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3gkarma
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:kiss::kiss::kiss::kiss::kiss::kiss::kiss::kiss:

hot kiss for rovi:lol:lol:lol:lol:lol:lol
2008-8-13 10:22 PM#3
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powerful
2008-9-25 07:40 PM#4
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ptbptb
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纸老虎确实是中国人原创,不过paper tiger进入英语不是像以前一般认为的是在斯特朗采访毛的时候,而是远早于此
2008-9-25 08:44 PM#5
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kevin812
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haha
2008-9-26 03:22 PM#6
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jl2315 (JL)
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kowtow 叩头

intr.v., -towed, -tow·ing, -tows.

   1. To kneel and touch the forehead to the ground in expression of deep respect, worship, or submission, as formerly done in China.
   2. To show servile deference. See synonyms at fawn1.

n.

   1. The act of kneeling and touching the forehead to the ground.
   2. An obsequious act.

[From Chinese (Mandarin) kòu tóu, a kowtow : kòu, to knock + tóu, head.]



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2008-9-28 12:41 PM#7
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jl2315 (JL)
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chop suey 杂碎

Chop suey (Chinese 'mixed pieces') is an American-Chinese dish consisting of meats (often chicken, beef, shrimp or pork), cooked quickly with vegetables such as bean sprouts, cabbage, and celery and bound in a starch-thickened sauce. It is typically served with rice but can become the Chinese-American form of chow mein with the addition of deep-fried noodles.

Image Attachment: Chopsuey.jpg (2008-9-28 12:46 PM, 12.3 K)

2008-9-28 12:46 PM#8
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jl2315 (JL)
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Gung-ho 工合

Gung-ho is a phrase borrow from Chinese language, frequently used in Chinese as an adjective meaning enthusiastic. The original Mandarin Chinese phrase is Gōnghé (工合), a standard abbreviation for gōngyè hézuòshè (工业合作社), meaning industrial worker's cooperative, first established in Baoji by Rewi Alley and his comrades and later spread to other parts of China during the WW2 years. (It is true that gōng means work and hé means together, but gōnghé by itself is not a standard Chinese term and serves only as an abbreviation for gōngyè hézuòshè: an English-language analogy of a not-fully-comprehensible abbreviated phrase would be "IndCoop"; in some contemporary English texts, "Indusco" had been used.)

The phrase entered the American vernacular when it was picked up by then-Major Evans F. Carlson, USMC. According to Carlson, it was used as a slogan by the WW2-era Communist Party of China's 8th Route Army, led by Zhu De. The phrase was originally coined by Rewi Alley, a New Zealander who went to China in the 1920s and whose contribution to the country was later recognized when he became modern China's first honorary citizen. The industrial workers co-operatives that were formed as part of the Gung-ho movement stemmed from Helen Foster (Peg) Snow, wife of American journalist Edgar Snow. Peg Snow suggested to Rewi Alley that China needed widespread industry through the establishment of a movement (Alley, 1987).

Carlson traveled with the 8th and with Rewi Alley. Later he used gung ho during his (unconventional) command of the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion. From there it spread throughout the U.S. Marine Corps (hence the association between the two) and into American society as a whole when the phrase became the title of an exciting 1943 war film about the 2nd Raider Battalion's raid on Makin Island in 1942 that emphasised savage combat to revenge Pearl Harbor. It is now often used in the ironic sense of excessively enthusiastic, overzealous.



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2008-9-28 12:54 PM#9
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dong2005
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powerful
2008-10-1 08:33 AM#10
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derivation
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但是我认为,古汉语,就是借用了大量的英语表达方式而转变为现代汉语的.
2008-10-1 04:15 PM#11
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marszhf
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还有一个

tofu 豆腐
2008-10-5 11:08 AM#12
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jl2315 (JL)
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chow mein 炒面

From Widipedia:

Chow mein is a generic Chinese term for a dish of stir-fried noodles, of which there are many varieties. Authentic chow mein is generally made of soft noodles, whereas chow mein in Westernized Chinese Cuisine may also be made from thin crispy noodles.

Chow mein is mentioned as early as 1920, in the novel Main Street by Sinclair Lewis.

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2008-10-5 11:28 AM#13
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jl2315 (JL)
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kung fu 功夫

As in Kung Fu Panda:

Image Attachment: Kung_fu_panda_poster.jpg (2008-10-5 11:34 AM, 13.91 K)

2008-10-5 11:34 AM#14
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jl2315 (JL)
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tai chi 太极

tai chi chuan 太极拳

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2008-10-5 11:59 AM#15
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rovi297
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Changshan

From W-i-k-i

In traditional Chinese dress, a changshan (traditional Chinese: 長衫; simplified Chinese: 长衫; pinyin: Chángshān literally "long shirt") is the male equivalent of the women's qipao (cheongsam). It is also known as a changpao (chángpáo 长袍) or dagua (大褂 dàguà).

The Mandarin word changshan is cognate with the Cantonese term chèuhngsàam, which has been borrowed into English as 'cheongsam'. Unlike the Mandarin term, however, Cantonese chèuhngsàam can refer to both male and female garments, and in Hong Kong it is frequently used for the body-hugging female garment rather than for the male changshan. The Hong Kong usage is reflected in the meaning of 'cheongsam' in English, which refers exclusively to the female garment.


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2008-10-5 12:23 PM#16
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caringhk (O Sweetie&Me go laojia. ..)
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QUOTE:
Originally posted by rovi297 at 2008-10-5 12:23
Changshan

From W-i-k-i

In traditional Chinese dress, a changshan (traditional Chinese: 長衫; simplified Chinese: 长衫; pinyin: Chángshān literally "long shirt") is the male equiva ...
Thxs for the relating news

Now have a Da Hong Pao drink on me
2008-10-8 12:33 PM#17
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caringhk (O Sweetie&Me go laojia. ..)
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QUOTE:
Originally posted by ptbptb at 2008-9-25 20:44
纸老虎确实是中国人原创,不过paper tiger进入英语不是像以前一般认为的是在斯特朗采访毛的时候,而是远早于此
i like M A O's version on Amerikans

Simple & Solid
2008-10-8 12:35 PM#18
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caringhk (O Sweetie&Me go laojia. ..)
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QUOTE:
Originally posted by jl2315 at 2008-9-28 12:41
intr.v., -towed, -tow·ing, -tows.

   1. To kneel and touch the forehead to the ground in expression of deep respect, worship, or submission, as formerly done in China.
   2. To show servile de ...
People don't kowtow to Buddha but pay HOMAGE with body like a Tortoise with forehead touching the ground
2008-10-8 12:36 PM#19
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scuderia
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well it.'s just a kind of cultural communication, wo don't have to bother it too much. surely we have to protect our own culture, but the   
more important thing  is that we have to learn from them as well.
2008-10-10 10:41 AM#20
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