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bantopost
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QUOTE:

Originally posted by Kbay at 2009-5-9 11:51
Let's look at this 'blaming game' sensibly.
The massive earthquake broke many hearts, and took away many lives.
True, schools where the children died were badly constructed; but the design and co ...

Sensible?
You tell the father who claims to have evidence of corruption to be sensible.
You tell the mother who points out buildings still standing around a collapsed school to be sensible.

Who cares what the BBC is saying this is China not England.
And it is Chinese children that need to be remembered.
And if justice is served and this doesn't happen again then these lives lost will have an additional meaning.
And those parents can remember that they have been heard.
This case doesn't need a broom to sweep it away, it needs a magnifying glass to find out what went wrong.

[ Last edited by bantopost at 2009-5-10 01:42 AM ]

2009-5-9 12:16 PM

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amyamy
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QUOTE:

Originally posted by bantopost at 2009-5-9 12:16

Sensible?
You tell the father who claims to have evidence of corruption to be sensible.
You tell the mother who points out buildings still standing around a collapsed school to be sensible.
...

Well said. I don't think finding out the fact will cause instability. On the contrary, poking away small hot balloons(grievance) is better than let them grow into a big one like time bombs.It's the parents that start the claim but was detered by local persons not the reporters to stir it up at first.

There's photos showing older built school buildings survive while newer built buildings collapsed nearby. The building standard then was not that appalling to be collapsed in such a short time. Some could sustain longer for the students to escape.

If one day Washington Post or BBC says Chinese eating rice for staple is very healthy diet, should I do the opposite--don't eat rice? One must judge and act according to the matter rather than what the media said. the reports are for reference only.

Thank Longzhou, if not for his words I might not search for more details.

2009-5-9 07:05 PM

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exportedkiwi
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Reply #41 bantopost's post

Exactly right, hear hear!

2009-5-11 09:32 AM

#43

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My comments according the main topic

First at all, I want to thanks to Yuan_zcen and CD to allow us to read an interesting article.

There are many ways to blame people, to judge people, to forget or to ignore, but most important is to give the real importance that this article shows.

Everybody (and not only in China ) were witness and feel the pain in front of the big sad event. But this article shows (and in other news that I used to read), the real problem it happened, how those people who without any care and responsibility in their minds allow or authorized that kind of constructions.

We are not here to act as judges, but we can not tolerate and ignore that exists responsibility in many dead students.

A fair investigation and good punishment for those irresponsible people is needed. Only in this way and thanks this kind of articles can stop this story repeats again in the future

This it’s about humanity, this is about creating conscience in the people, and it’s about preventing more disasters with people.

This is about children that could saved their lives.

This it is not an article that we should minimize it neither to magnify but not to leave it to pass unnoticed. It’s something that should concern to everybody and to the authorities to give an answer and justice

2009-5-11 01:33 PM

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Something else about this topic

As a person, I feel the pain and the sadness and my sympathy for all who lost their love ones

As a father, my sympathy and strong support for all those parents who lost their children and are trying and waiting for a fair answer

Almost one year from that horrible event, my thoughts and my prays for all the victims

2009-5-11 01:35 PM

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exportedkiwi
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Reply #45 force_one's post

I agree with your 1st and 3rd sentences. I'm not a father so I can't agree with the 2nd.

2009-5-11 06:23 PM

#46

amyamy
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QUOTE:

Originally posted by force_one at 2009-5-11 13:35
As a person, I feel the pain and the sadness and my sympathy for all who lost their love ones

As a father, my sympathy and strong support for all those parents who lost their children and are t ...

Thanks, I learn from your good manner. Though I have no religious belief and will not pray. I appreciate your kindness.

2009-5-12 05:25 PM

#47

amyamy
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the number of students killed or missing released

In case Whampao reads this thread, I tell you that I am not attacking the officials. I am trying to find out why there're some classroom buildings collapsed in a short time but some didn't nearby. I've never accused the classroom buildings were tofu ...I've never accused who should be blamed
----------------------------------------------------
part of the press conference record

CHENGDU, May 7 (Xinhua) -- China released the number of students killed or missing in the southwestern Sichuan province on Thursday, almost a year after the May 12 massive quake jolted the region.

A total of 5,335 students in Sichuan were confirmed as dead or missing from the earthquake, said Tu Wentao, head of the education department of the province at a press conference.

                        --------

"At the press conference, Yang Hongbo, head of the construction department of the province, said that a group of 2,500 experts had investigated the quality issue. They had found that the quake was too strong for the old buildings in Sichuan, most of which were designed for quakes no stronger than 7 magnitude.

He reiterated the pledge that "we will investigate and severely punish relevant companies according to the law once there is concrete evidence to prove problems existing in building design and construction."

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/07/content_11328289.htm
by Xinhua writer Bai Xu
------------------------------------------------------

The full conference record in Chinese:
http://www.china.com.cn/zhibo/2009-05/07/content_17736882.htm
==============================================
In Chinese detailed---Mr Tu replied  about the number of the students confirmed as dead or missing i:
"Although I said a moment ago these two data must finally carries on the checking after the legal proceeding and according to the related work requirement to announce, but I may say responsible, this data undergoes the Educational department cross-check, it was with the dead student family, applied to receive the country's fuweijin(compensation?)  and society's relief money aid population is consistent."

[---- what about those who have no family to claim the social relief money etc. how many estimated?----]
                        -------------------
Mr Yang replied about the collapsed buildings
"A while ago the expert group already publicized had issued “5.12” the Wenchuan earthquake earthquake damage analysis as well as the earthquake reported that this report is the Chinese construction news on-line public issue."

[--- I check the report from
http://www.gxcic.net/news/shownews_94967.html
I find it mentions the buildings in general, no specific on classroom buildings. Last year, HK TVB Chinese channel broadcasted a documentary, a national xxxxx researcher commented on the over 10 classroom buildings he inspected. Some of them were 2003 buildings. He found some main supportive pillars were just bricks or the steel used was not standard. If the main supportive pillars are so poor, how can they even sustain a 5 magnitude?---]

2009-5-13 09:39 AM

#48

amyamy
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the report mentioned in last post
(Wenchuan earthquake house construction earthquake damage analysis and countermeasure...) quite detaials on the construction . I have not found specific analysis on classroom buildings but it gives suggestions on building schools, hospital.....for quake prevention.

http://www.gxcic.net/news/shownews_94967.html

“5·12”汶川地震房屋建筑震害分析与对策研究报告
2009-4-23 11:23:33 来源：中国建筑新闻网

   编者按：  “5·12”汶川特大地震造成大量的人员伤亡，经济损失惨重。灾害发生后，房屋质量受到社会各界广泛关注。值此汶川地震一周年之际，本报受“5·12”汶川地震房屋震害研究专家组委托，权威发布《“5·12”汶川地震房屋建筑震害分析与对策研究报告》。

2008 年5月12日14时28分，四川省汶川县境内发生了里氏8.0级特大地震，地震造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失。地震发生后，在国家住房和严重的城乡建设部等有关部委的支持下，在四川省委、省政府的统一部署下，四川省建设系统和地震系统迅速组织相关专家和工程技术人员，前后共计2500余人，持续时间达两个多月，深入灾区开展地震震害调查、房屋安全应急评估、专项房屋结构技术鉴定和技术人员培训等工作，掌握了较为丰富的房屋震害第一手资料。

　　根据国务院《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》第22条的规定：县级以上人民政府应当依据各自职责组织有关部门和专家，开展地震活动对相关建设工程破坏机理的调查评估，为改进建设工程抗震设计规范和工程建设标准和抗震设防措施提供科学依据。四川省建设厅、四川省地震局组织成立了“5·12”汶川地震房屋震害研究专家组，在已掌握的资料基础上，针对本次地震中房屋建筑的震害情况，进行了较深入的分析研究，得出了如下结论并提出以下建议。

　　一、震害分析

　　（一）对导致房屋破坏的本次特大地震特点研究表明：

　　1.此次地震能量巨大、烈度超强。本次8.0级特大地震发生在青藏高原东部的龙门山断裂带上，是该断裂带发生的千年不遇的特大地震。8级地震释放的能量是7级地震的32倍。据有关资料介绍，在四川卧龙地区获取的峰值加速度记录达0.9g（地震烈度达到10度），在江油获取的峰值加速度记录达0.7g（地震烈度接近10度）。此次地震所产生的峰值加速度大于0.4g（地震烈度为9度）的区域达到350平方公里，震中烈度高达到11度。如此巨大的地震造成地面大量建筑倒塌，引发了数以万计的山体崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害，形成了众多堰塞湖，造成重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失。

　　2.此次地震震源深度浅、破裂长度大、震害范围广。本次地震震源发生在地表以下19公里处，所产生的地面运动十分剧烈，地震破裂面从震中汶川开始向北偏东49度方向传播，破裂长度达240 公里。破裂过程可明显分成相互连贯的若干个破裂事件，每个破裂事件相当于一次7.2级至7.6级地震，造成的震害面积达44万平方公里，涉及四川、甘肃和陕西3个省237个县、市，我国绝大部分地区均有不同程度震感，甚至泰国、越南、菲律宾和日本也有震感。

　　3.此次地震发生方式特殊、持续时间长。本次地震为逆冲、右旋、挤压型断层地震，发震构造为龙门山中央断裂带。在挤压应力作用下，断裂带由南向北逆冲运动；在断裂带区域造成地面最大垂直位移达9米，纵向破坏力巨大，而且地震烈度沿断裂带短轴方向变化很快。在20公里距离内，烈度值从7度陡然上升至11度，处于高烈度区的建筑物很多瞬间倒塌。地震强烈波动时间长达100秒（这在地震史上比较罕见），持续的强烈振动对各种房屋结构造成持续叠加型破坏。如此特殊的地震，对地面建筑物的破坏作用之巨大，非常罕见。

   （二）对不同地质构造及不同场地条件下的房屋震害研究表明：

　　1.地质构造差异对房屋震害影响明显。由于地震波在不同地质构造中传播速度和方
式存在差异，处于不同地质构造区域内的房屋建筑的震害情况明显不同。处于断裂带或褶皱构造区域内的房屋建筑，比处于单斜或水平岩层构造区域内的受损情况更为严重。其中，以断裂构造区域内的房屋建筑震害最重，水平岩层构造区域内的震害较轻。沿龙门山中央断裂带两侧20平方公里范围内为断裂带或褶皱构造发育区，房屋震害异常严重。

　　2.场地条件差异对房屋震害影响明显。在比较密实、稳定的土层或基岩场地，地震破坏程度较轻；在比较松散没有胶结的洪积层、河流冲积层或土层中富含水分的场地，地震破坏程度严重，且震害随土层厚度增加而加剧。房屋建筑总是根据具体的场地条件来考虑布局和朝向的：当房屋的抗震薄弱朝向（一般为横向）与地震波的振动方向一致时，就会加剧震害；当房屋的自振频率和地震的振动传播频率相近时，会引发共振效应，也会加剧房屋的震害。由于不同的场地条件及相邻建筑下不同场地的地质构造不同，加上地震波传播中峰值的影响（地震纵波与横波传播中波峰的叠加，造成了地震波的局部放大），因此，在低烈度区出现了房屋破坏严重甚至倒塌现象；在同一区域内，相邻的同类建筑也产生了截然不同的破坏结果，有的倒塌，有的则损坏较轻。

　　3.次生灾害对房屋震害影响明显。这次特大地震引发了大量山体滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖、地基液化等地质灾害，加剧了山区部分房屋的震害。修建在滑坡地带或断裂带附近的房屋在此次地震中受灾严重。在本次地震的低烈度区域，有的房屋因建设在滑坡地带，而出现破坏严重甚至垮塌的现象。

  (to be continued)

Image Attachment: gxcic.jpg (2009-5-13 12:53 PM, 78.29 K)

2009-5-13 12:53 PM

#49

amyamy
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continue..

（三）对不同类型房屋结构的震害研究表明：

　　1.砖混结构中，以大开间、大开窗、外走廊等建筑样式的震害最为严重。不少地方在上世纪90年代以前建造的砖混结构房屋中较多地使用了大开间、大开窗、外走廊等建筑样式。当时的抗震规范没有在圈梁和构造柱的设置上提出更多要求。再加上大量与墙体连接不充分的预制空心楼板，使砖混结构的整体性受到影响。这些结构建筑在重灾区普遍遭受到严重的破坏甚至是整体倒塌。

　　2.采用框架—砌体混合结构形式的建筑，在重灾区普遍损毁严重。无论是底部框架砖混的竖向混合结构还是部分框架部分砖混的水平混合结构，由于刚度突变、传力途径复杂和变形能力不协调等因素，大量此类建筑受损严重。

　　3.框架结构中，出现了框架柱先于框架梁受到破坏的现象。震害调查显示，此次地震中，部分房屋的一些框架结构的破坏体现为框架柱先于框架梁受到破坏。规范中考虑框架的抗震作用主要是指抵抗水平振动作用和水平荷载作用。但此次地震的竖向振动十分剧烈，震中区域部分房屋的框架柱受到了水平、竖向叠加作用力，发生粉碎性压缩损坏，导致房屋受损严重甚至垮塌。

　　4.厂房、库房的排架结构受灾严重。震害调查中发现，灾区的不少厂房、库房的排架结构由于跨度大、屋架重、柱间连接薄弱，加上年久失修等原因，在此次地震中受损严重，垮塌较多。其中单跨结构比双跨结构震害严重，重屋架结构比轻屋架结构震害严重。

　　5.农村自建房在重灾区受灾情况十分严重，倒塌现象普遍。上世纪90年代前，农村自建房大量使用砖瓦、木头等简易材料。由于由于缺乏相应的建造技术，再加上砌筑墙体的黏合材料强度差，一般情况下也没有进行专门的抗震设计，因此震害十分严重，倒塌普遍。

　　6.木结构房屋和轻钢结构房屋在此次地震中损坏较轻。木结构采用榫卯进行连接，榫头在榫卯节点处可轻微转动，具有“柔性”连接的特点；柱根直接放在柱基石上，水平震动时柱根可在柱基石上轻微滑动；厚重的屋盖通过穿斗或斗拱的连接方式与内柱、檐柱体系连成一体，保证了木结构房屋的整体性。木结构的这些特点使得重灾区的木结构房屋除有不少屋面瓦脱落外，多数房屋损坏较轻。

　　灾区还有少量采用轻钢结构的厂房，由于轻钢结构具有质量轻、连接可靠、结构整体延性好的特点，再加上配套屋盖和墙板均采用轻质材料，因此，这类房屋具有较好的抗震性能。此次地震中，该类房屋受损主要是柱间支撑连接被拉断、钢构件防火涂料剥落等，震害较轻。

　　（四）对不同时期制定的抗震设防标准研究表明：

　　1.随着社会的发展，我国抗震设防标准也在不断发展完善。我国共颁布了4个版本建筑抗震设计规范，分别为：

　　《工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范（试行）》（TJ11-74），1974年版，实施年代为1974年至1979年。它是我国第一部反映当时技术和经济水平的初级规范，仅有一些简单的基本规定。

　　《工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范》（TJ11-78），1978年版，实施年代为 1979年8月1日至1992年6月30日。第一次提出了适用于设防烈度7度至9度范围内工业与民用建筑的抗震设计要求。但6度区仍为非设防区，也未提出大震不倒的设防标准。

《建筑抗震设计规范》（GBJ11-89），1989年版，实施年代为1990年1月1日至2002年12月31日。增加了对6度区的抗震设防要求，提出强度验算和变形验算的阶段设计要求，增加了砌筑房屋、钢结构单层厂房和土、木、石房屋抗震设计内容。此次“5·12”地震的实际烈度远高于当时规范中最高设防烈度。

　　现行规范为《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2001）（2008年汶川地震后作了局部修订），2001年版，从 2002年1月1日实施。1989年版和2001年版规范引入了弹塑性分析法和时程分析法抗震计算方法，提出了小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒的设防原则。

　　抗震设计规范是为实现工程抗震设防目标而制定的工程技术实施标准。任何一个国家的抗震设计规范都与当时的工程技术、材料质量和经济发展水平密切相关。抗震规范版本的升级换代反映了一个国家科学技术、经济水平的发展和进步。

　　2.本次特大地震的实际烈度远高于房屋抗震设防烈度。根据《中国地震动参数区划图》，此次地震的极重灾区和重灾区房屋建筑的最大设防烈度为7度（松潘、石棉、九寨沟县除外），而汶川地震实际影响烈度达到了8度至11度，地震实际影响烈度普遍超过极重灾区建筑设防烈度的1.5度至4度。数据分析显示，当实际影响烈度超过设防烈度1.5度时，房屋结构将无法承受，房屋倒塌在所难免。

　　3.不同年代、按不同抗震设防标准修建的房屋，震害明显不同。1990年以后修建的房屋，震害较之前的较轻。1989年版规范颁布前，框架结构抗震设计主要基于安全系数法。1989年版规范开始，采用了基于以概率理论为基础的极限状态设计方法，提出了强度验算和变形验算这一更高要求；在砖混结构方面，人们对圈梁和构造柱重要性的认识也逐步提高。1978年版及以前的规范，对6度区砖房没有圈梁和构造柱的设置要求；对7度至9度设防的砖房在3层至6层内也没有要求设置构造柱。1989年版和2001年版规范在圈梁和构造柱的设置上提出了更高要求，符合这些要求的房屋建筑，震害明显减轻。而1990年以前修建的房屋，1974年版规范和1978年版规范中没有提出相关要求，房屋的震害明显加剧。

（五）对使用不同建材及制品的房屋震害影响研究表明：

　　1.上世纪90年代中期以前大量使用冷拔低碳钢丝构件的房屋抗震性能差。震害调查可见，灾区倒塌或严重破坏的房屋建筑中有不少楼板是预应力空心板，绝大部分的预应力空心板中使用的钢材均为冷拔低碳钢丝。由于冷拔低碳钢丝直径小于4毫米，且表面光滑，钢丝与混凝土的黏合锚固性能差，在较大外力下钢丝与混凝土容易脱离，降低了空心板的延性，最终导致空心板出现脆性断裂。国家已出台《冷轧带肋钢筋混凝土结构技术规程》（JGJ95─95）行业标准，于1995年7月1日起开始实行。该标准要求用冷轧带肋钢筋取代冷拔低碳钢丝（也可取代直径12毫米以内的I级光圆钢筋）。由于冷轧带肋钢筋表面具有3个面或2个面月牙形横肋，其与混凝土的黏合锚固性能是冷拔低碳钢丝的3倍至6倍。

　　2.水泥、混凝土标准改变后，房屋震害减轻。上世纪90年代以来，国家对水泥和混凝土的标准进行了重大调整：一是淘汰了旧标准中广泛使用的275号和325号两个低标号水泥，新标准规定的水泥最低强度等级相当于旧标准的425号水泥，大大提高了水泥强度等级；二是水泥胶砂强度检验方法发生了很大改变，消除了旧方法中水泥标号平均偏高约7.6兆帕的虚假部分；三是混凝土标号改为混凝土强度等级，与国际接轨，并且强度有所提高，如：新标准C20等级混凝土比原200号混凝土强度提高了11％。材料标准上的不断改进，有助于水泥砂浆和混凝土强度的提高，有助于房屋结构抗震性能的提高。这次灾区倒塌的房屋中，2000年以后修建的极少。

　　3.不同的墙体材料，房屋震害差异较大。由钢筋混凝土构筑的剪力墙结构房屋（主要在都江堰市，汶川县城也少量存在），普遍震害较轻，较好地发挥了抗震作用。
　　由各种黏土砖、页岩砖、混凝土砌块、轻质墙体材料等组成的框架填充墙，因墙体材料与框架梁柱连接措施不完善，震害都比较严重，但也有大致的规律：空心砌块墙震害大于实心砌体墙；无筋墙体震害大于有筋墙体；加气混凝土轻质墙震害大于普通黏土砖、页岩砖墙体。

　　大量由普通黏土砖、页岩砖建成的砖混结构墙体，其震害情况比较复杂，决定震害程度的因素较多：房屋本身的圈梁、构造柱设置，纵墙承重还是横墙承重，砖块之间黏合剂的强度，房屋朝向与地震波的传播方向等，有待于进一步研究。

　　大量使用传统建材的农村自建房，震害十分严重。由于种种原因，农村自建房墙体大量使用不规则石块堆砌和土筑墙等“干打垒”形式，黏合材料以泥、砂或糯米浆为主，构造措施为竹筋，没有抗震设计，黏结材料强度低，房屋整体性和抗震能力差，这类房屋在重灾区震害严重，倒塌普遍。

　　二、对策建议

（一）树立防震减灾工作以预防为主的指导思想。

　　由于地质结构的复杂性、人类认识的局限性等因素，要进一步加强对地震危险和地震预测预报的科学研究，加强对房屋结构震害机理的分析研究，不断完善和推动地震工程的发展和进步。要坚持把震灾预防放在预测预报、应急救援、过渡性安置、恢复性重建等工作的首位，树立防范胜于救灾的指导思想，从提高城镇综合抗震防灾能力这一根本点入手，在 “软措施”和“硬措施”上下工夫。“软措施”即规划及应急措施：城镇发展用地、规模、密度、防灾区域划分、场地选择、应急疏散通道、应急避难场地、应急反应和救援预案等内容；“硬措施”即单体工程抗震：确保工程设施的抗震能力，使原有工程得到抗震加固、新建工程抗震设防达到设防标准等。

2009-5-13 12:55 PM

#50

amyamy
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continue..
（二）统筹兼顾，严格规划选址，避免场地对房屋的不利影响。

　　在城镇恢复重建规划选址中，要贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持以人为本、尊重自然、统筹兼顾、科学重建，体现科学性、前瞻性和指导性。要考虑进行必要的地质、水文条件和可能受到自然灾害的影响，要避开地震断裂带和滑坡、泥石流、山洪、河洪等自然灾害高发地段，预防和减轻地震可能引发的次生灾害。

　　工程项目选址要考虑从地形、地貌上尽可能避开非岩质的陡坡、高耸的山丘、河岸和边坡等不利地段；从场地条件上要尽量避开饱和砂层、软弱土层、液化土、软弱不均土层等，如无法避开，则应采取工程措施处理。工程项目的选址还要同时符合当地的总体规划和防灾专项规划的要求，不挤占应急疏散、避难场所用地。

　　农房恢复重建选址，要继续严格执行四川省人民政府印发的《四川汶川地震灾后农村房屋恢复重建选址技术导则》（川办发[2008]36号）和相关技术法规的要求。
（三）严格执行现行抗震技术规范，坚持抗震审查制度。

　　汶川地震后，国家修订颁布了《中国地震动参数区划图》（GB18306－2001）、《建筑抗震设计规范（2008局部修订版）》（GB50011-2001）和《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》（GB50223-2008），提高了汶川地震灾区部分工程抗震设防标准。在城镇恢复重建工作中应切实贯彻执行这些技术法规。要真正把抗震设防贯穿于工程选址、规划、勘察、设计、审查、施工、监理、验收、使用、管理的全过程。必须加强施工图审查中的抗震专题审查，实行抗震审查一票否决制度。

　　四川省人民政府出台了《关于加强地震灾后恢复重建建筑市场监管工作的通知》（川府发[2008]36号）等文件，文中特别强调，要严格执行抗震设防标准，坚持抗震审查制度，要切实贯彻落实。

　　（四）加强房屋抗震设计，注重房屋结构选择，增强房屋结构的整体稳定性。

　　要加强抗震设计。良好的抗震设计是房屋抗震的基础和关键，要协调好建筑设计与结构抗震的关系,房屋设计力求简单、规则、对称，质量和刚度变化均匀；要力求结构体系明确、传力途径简捷、刚度和强度分布合理，薄弱部位要进行强化设计；构件要具有一定的强度和变形能力或延性，并具有可靠的连接，支撑系统稳定；非结构构件要设置合理。

　　要注重房屋结构选择。要优先采用抗震性能好的结构形式。要坚持选用已被地震实践证明且广泛适用的框架、框剪、剪力墙结构形式，适当鼓励选用钢结构、木结构、钢筋混凝土结构等抗震性能好的建筑结构形式。要限制使用石木结构、土石结构等。

　　学校、医院、图书馆等人员密集的公共建筑要选用抗震性能好的结构形式，要严格执行国务院《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》及抗震设防新标准。

　　要加强农房建设抗震设防的技术指导和服务。四川省人民政府已经出台了《四川省“5·12”汶川地震灾后农房重建工作方案的通知》（川府发电 [2008]96号）、《四川省"5·12"汶川地震损坏农房维修加固工作方案的通知》（川府发电[2008]124号），四川省建设厅出台了《四川省农村居住建筑抗震设计技术导则》（2008修订版）、《四川省农村居住建筑抗震构造图集》等相关抗震设防标准。四川省建设厅还配套出台了200余套适合不同地区、各具风貌特色的农房设计方案，这些都要继续认真贯彻执行。要加大对农房建设抗震设防的技术指导和服务力度，以确保提高广大农村建筑的抗震防灾能力。

　　房屋设计要设置多道抗震防线，提高房屋整体稳定性。适当增加柱间支撑、剪力墙及加大受力构件的延性。这样房屋抵抗地震作用的整体稳定性会明显加强，房屋不会因部分结构或构件破坏导致整个结构因丧失抗震能力而倒塌。

（五）未达到现行抗震设防标准的既有建筑，要制定抗震加固计划。

　　抗震加固是提高现有建筑抗震防灾能力的有效措施。四川省人民政府出台的第226号省长令《汶川地震灾区城镇受损房屋建筑安全鉴定及修复加固拆除实施意见》、四川省建设厅、财政厅、物价局出台的《关于贯彻执行省人民政府令第226号〈汶川地震灾区城镇受损房屋建筑安全鉴定及修复加固拆除实施意见〉的通知》（川建发[2008]52号）和四川省地方标准《四川省建筑抗震鉴定与加固技术规程》（DB51/T5059-2008）等是抗震鉴定加固工作的重要法规、政策性文件，应继续深入贯彻落实。对达不到抗震设防要求的既有建筑，应结合城市规划制定分类、分期抗震加固计划，区分轻重缓急逐步实施。

（六）积极推动抗震防灾新技术、新材料的应用。

　　应继续严格贯彻四川省人民政府《关于加强汶川地震灾后恢复重建建材产品质量监督管理工作的通知》（川府办发电[2008]136号）和四川省建设厅《关于进一步加强地震灾后重建进入施工现场建材产品质量监管的通知》（川建质安发[2008]438号）精神，加大对建材质量的监管力度，严格按照国家和行业标准组织生产。应加大执法力度，防止不合格建材流入市场。鼓励和引导使用抗震性能较好的新型墙体材料（如混凝土轻质高强墙板、加气混凝土砌块、煤矸石空心砖等），替代部分传统墙体材料。

　　应积极推动抗震防灾新技术、新工艺、新材料、新产品的开发和应用，提高重建工程科技含量，加快技术进步，提高工程抗震防灾能力。重点推广运用隔震消能体系、轻钢结构和钢结构。

　　三、结语

　　地震是破坏力极强的自然灾害，给人类带来了巨大的灾难。人类目前虽然还不能阻止或准确预测地震的发生，但可以依靠自身的智慧，不断研究、总结和提高，从而指导灾后重建，最大限度地减轻未来地震造成的损失。以上是我们通过调查研究总结出初步结论，并提出了一些建议。一方面我们欣慰地看到，《建筑抗震设计规范》等抗震减灾理论在减轻地震灾害中已经发挥了重要作用；另一方面我们也必须看到，人们对地震还缺乏足够的研究和应对经验。我们有必要从地震的特点、场地条件、建筑结构、设防标准和建筑材料等方面开展更进一步的研究，发展并完善防灾减灾理论。为此，从事地震科学研究、工程建设行业的广大科技人员和管理人员肩负着重大历史责任。“5·12”汶川地震房屋震害研究专家组

2009-5-13 12:56 PM

#51

amyamy
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He prepared for disaster many years ago

http://news.xinhuanet.com/edu/2008-05/26/content_8253596.htm

Songzao Middle  school , in Sichuan An County  close neighbor to Beichuan, also encounters the heavy losses in this Wenchuan big earthquake, but as a result of the usual multiple exercise(emergency evacuation), after the earthquake occurs, the entire school teachers and students, more than 2200 students, over a hundred teachers, rush to the drill ground completely, stands take the class and grade as the organization, uses 1 minute 36 second, does not have casualties, has created a big miracle.

Ye Zhiping, a disaster area countryside middle school principal, most worried that the teaching buildings he managed  the repair has not collapsed. But found after earthquake  more than 700 students and their teacher in safe. Teachers welcome him to report: The student is all right, teachers are all right

He started to fix the already shoddy building problems from 1997 . And  from 2005, each semester the school must organize an emergency evacuation in the entire school the exercise.

http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-05-24/123515610331.shtml

[ Last edited by amyamy at 2009-5-14 05:38 PM ]

2009-5-14 05:33 PM

#52

zglobal
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QUOTE:

Originally posted by yuan_zcen at 2009-5-5 10:43
School issue unresolved 1 year after China quake
By AUDRA ANG
The Associated Press
Sunday, May 3, 2009; 12:15 PM

QUSHAN TOWN, China -- Two things still haunt Wang Bin a year after an earthqua ...

Good for you bringing this up yuan zcen.

I hope that every contractor that did such things is punished with the full weight of the law.

You have every right to do so and are to be commended.

This is about ensuring it never happens again, that not a single school fails due to greed and ignorance.

To anyone that suggests such things should not be discussed, let's hope that next time its not your child under tons of concrete to pay a greedy contractor a new colour TV

2009-5-14 05:50 PM

#53

amyamy
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some pictures

Image Attachment: prefabric.jpg (2009-5-15 09:11 AM, 185.12 K)

2009-5-15 09:11 AM

#54

amyamy
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brick pillars hardly can survive in a 5 magnitude quake

Image Attachment: classroombig.jpg (2009-5-15 09:14 AM, 183.6 K)

2009-5-15 09:14 AM

#55

amyamy
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this ruined building might have sustained more minutes to LET THE STUDENTS TO ESCAPE before collapsing.

collapsed Xuankou middle school classroom building.

http://gdzszx.gov.cn/ZT/2003HangFeng/showcontent.asp?id=1025527"
picture coming up

[ Last edited by amyamy at 2009-5-15 09:34 AM ]

2009-5-15 09:18 AM

#56

amyamy
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above mentioned

Image Attachment: koumiddle.jpg (2009-5-15 09:20 AM, 21.67 K)

2009-5-15 09:20 AM

#57

joanna_he (jo)
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QUOTE:

corruption...you know what i mean

2009-5-15 09:26 AM

#58

amyamy
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and why the construction behind attached to the collapsed classroom building didn't collapse?

Image Attachment: xinjianschoo.jpg (2009-5-15 09:30 AM, 79.81 K)

2009-5-15 09:30 AM

#59

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I just could not bear to see those little schoolbags scattering on the ruins

Actions really need to be taken!

2009-5-15 09:34 AM

#60

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